Some transformations are desirable, such as greener urban landscapes. Some are inevitable, such as changing consumer habits affecting downtown shopping areas. Urban landscape transformations come with conflicts involving many actors. Bottom-up initiatives, such as community gardens, introduce new forms of urban landscape management. Smart-U-Green will investigate these developments in urban regions in the Netherlands, Italy, and France with input from other countries. Together with local governments, local businesses, citizen initiatives and NGOs the project will develop new forms of governance.